The short answer
Buying cannabis or CBD starts with one check: match the product to the law where you live and where you will use it. Hemp-derived CBD with no more than 0.3% delta-9 THC is federally legal under the 2018 Farm Bill, but cannabis legality in the U.S. is still state specific. Before you buy, confirm your state's rules for THC content, possession limits, lab testing, and shipping. Then verify the batch with a current certificate of analysis. If a seller cannot show that, skip the product.
What to look for before you buy
- State rules first: Check your state health department or agriculture department for hemp and cannabis rules. A product that is legal in one state can be restricted in another.
- THC content: Federal hemp law uses a 0.3% delta-9 THC limit on a dry weight basis. Some states use total THC, which can include THCA. Read the state rule, not just the label.
- Batch specific COA: A certificate of analysis should match the product batch, show cannabinoid potency, and list the lab that tested it.
- Clear label: Look for CBD or THC amount per serving, serving size, batch number, and a statement that the product is hemp derived if that is the claim.
- Shipping and possession limits: Interstate shipping of marijuana is not legal under federal law. Hemp products may ship, but destination state rules still apply.
Parameter bands to check
Use these bands as a screen, not as legal advice. State limits control.
- Delta-9 THC: 0.0% to 0.3% fits the federal hemp definition. Above that, the product is treated as marijuana in many states.
- Total THC: Some states cap total THC, not just delta-9. Check whether the COA reports THCA and total THC.
- CBD per serving: Retail products often list 5 mg to 50 mg per serving. Start with a low serving and read the label. The COA should match the stated amount.
- COA age: Use a batch COA from the current production run, not a generic or old report.
- Minor cannabinoids: If the label claims CBG, CBN, or other cannabinoids, the COA should show measured amounts.
Common pitfalls
- Assuming hemp is legal everywhere. It is not. State law can ban or restrict certain products, flavors, or potency levels.
- Buying THC products across state lines. Federal law still treats marijuana as controlled, and shipping rules can create risk.
- Trusting a COA without a batch number. A lab report for a different batch does not prove what is in your product.
- Confusing "full spectrum" with legal. Full spectrum can contain THC, so check the COA and state limit.
- Accepting disease claims. CBD sellers should not claim a product treats or cures a disease without FDA approval.
Short FAQ
Is CBD legal in all 50 states?
Hemp-derived CBD with no more than 0.3% delta-9 THC is federally legal, but states can set stricter rules. Check your state before you buy.
Can I order cannabis online?
It depends on the product and the state. Marijuana cannot cross state lines under federal law. Hemp products may ship, but the seller and buyer still need to follow state rules.
Does a COA prove a product is legal?
No. A COA shows what a lab found in a batch. It does not replace state law, licensing rules, or possession limits.
What is the first thing to verify?
Your state's current rule for the product type, then the batch COA and THC content. If either is unclear, do not buy.